SUMMARY. — In 1661 Boyle presented a dialogue making use of a skeptical line of reasoning. His purpose thereby was, on the negative side, to criticize Aristotelian and Paracelsian definitions of chemical objects and, on the positive side, to establish a new methodology in chemistry that conformed to the requirements of experimental philosophy, while avoiding a Cartesian-style reduction. To acquire the status of a science, chemistry had to reform its explanatory concepts and its experimental methods, as physics had done at the beginning of the century. In spite of its dubitative style, The Sceptical chymist represents a crucial moment in the history of modern chemistry.RÉSUMÉ. — En 1661, Robert Boyle présente un dialogue qui utilise l'argume...