SUMMARY. — This text is trying to explain why the future of non standard analysis may be dependant of a general transformation of the attitudes and the goals of mathematicians. In that purpose, a reflexion is pursued about the comparative meanings of the finite and the infinite in pre-formalist mathematics, formalist mathematics, and more specifically in formalist non standard mathematics ; this is done under the presupposition that these meanings are better analysed in « ethical » terms. In the first section, we tell the recent story of non standard analysis and present the alternative ways of conceiving its destiny today. In the second section, we recall the traditional debate of infinitesimal calculus and establish the fact that the new ...