SUMMARY. — We sometimes suppose that there was a direct and simple filiation of ideas between Mesmer and Freud : this paper intends to show, on the one hand, that it is not Mesmer but his opponents (particularly the King's commissioners) whom we have to consider to be at the origin of this interpretation ; and, on the other hand, that, once replaced within its medical and cultural context, the criticism of the animal magnetism theory was neither blind nor incoherent.RÉSUMÉ. — De Mesmer à Freud, on fait souvent comme s'il y avait simple et directe filiation : cet article voudrait montrer que ce n'est pas Mesmer, mais ses opposants (en particulier les commissaires du Roi) qu'il faut placer à l'origine de cette histoire ; et d'autre part que l...