A four-stage model for lifelong competence development

This chapter discusses the role of e-assessment in the process of competence development. Its basic claim is that competence development is a process, with distinct stages, and that the assessment forms, and the roles taken on by those involved in the process, depend on the stage in which learning occurs. More specifically, as a learner starts with competence development, self-assessment will be the most prominent, if not the only, form of assessment. This orientation stage is followed by a stage of evidence collection, which is supported by e-portfolio building. In a third stage, the learner is judged by others, and in this stage organisations make use of assessment forms such as on-the-job assessment, 360-degree assessment and assessment centres. In the fourth stage, the learner perform competence development activities. This process is supported by self-assessment and peer assessment. With each stage, examples of e-assessment are provided