The thesis models the macroeconomic and intergenerational redistributive effects of different ways of financing private low-carbon energy transition investments in the electricity sector in France by 2050. An empirical general equilibrium model is developed, with fifteen generations and five economic sectors. Three scenarios are considered: private investments in the electricity sector are either financed by public debt, later reimbursed by an increase in a generic tax (scenario 1), by a carbon price signal paid by firms only (scenario 2), or by a carbon price signal for firms and households (scenario 3). We consider two types of households depending on whether they are liquidity constrained or not, as well as different sensitivities, depen...