In a context of water scarcity and pollution, knowledge of contaminant transfer and regulation processes within the watershed is essential. With a modeling approach, this thesis is mainly interested in nitrates fate at watershed scale. The objective is to characterize and quantify nitrate fluxes and their regulation in the Vienne watershed, in all environmental compartments. For this purpose, the drainage network biogeochemical model RIVE was integrated into the physically-based hydro-agro-environmental model SWAT. The validation of the coupling was done on a section of the Garonne river, due to available data and knowledge of the physical and biogeochemical functioning of the environment in this sector. An equation for epilithic biofilm gr...