The effects of education and training on self-esteem of nurse leaders

Introduction: A successful leader must have high self-esteem. The main aims of this study were to identify changes in the self-esteem of nurse leaders in Slovenia from 2001 to 2011 and to determine homogeneous groups of leaders with similar personal characteristics.Methods: The study used a version of a personal characteristics questionnaire with 16 self-descriptive statements. Two surveys were conducted among nurse leaders in Slovenian public hospitals, one in 2001 and the other in 2011. Relationships between variables were analysed using chi-square tests for categorical variables and the one-way analysis of variance for quantifiable variables. Factor analysis was used to determine groups of leaders with similar personal characteristics.Results: A total of 327 nurse leaders participated in the survey in 2001 and 296 filled in questionnaires in 2011. The analysis showed that the level of self-assessment of personal characteristics among nurse leaders in Slovenian public hospitals was significantly higher in 2011 than in 2001, and that differences among individual leaders decreased in most areas. Based on the assessments of personal characteristics, four groups of nurse leaders were established: task-oriented, knowledge and creativity oriented, relationship oriented and extroverted nurse leaders. In the 2011 data, the groups of personal characteristics were much more clearly defined. These groups were established in accordance with leadership theory and research from other fields.Conclusions: The positive effects of better education and training are visible in nurse leaders in terms of both their higher self-esteem and in the establishment of more homogeneous groups of leaders