unoccupied aircraft system (UAS) Camera specifications associated with each ;Distribution of sampling effort;Results from Monte Carlo ANOVA ;ANOVA model's assumptions test;ANOVA and Tukey test results from Assessment of a non-invasive approach to pregnancy diagnosis in grey whales through drone-based photogrammetry and faecal hormone analysis

Camera specifications associated with each unoccupied aircraft system (UAS) used in this study. Each UAS had a barometer to record the altitude of the drone during video collection, while the Inspire 2 also had a laser altimeter (LiDAR);Distribution of sampling effort across years and individual female whales. Whale ID corresponds to each whale's unique photo-identification catalogue code held by the Marine Mammal Institute at Oregon State University and Cascadia Research Collective (Olympia, WA). The character “1” in a cell indicates that a morphometric measurement (W50) or faecal samples (fP4m) were obtained from that individual whale that year. Individuals with paired fP4m and W50 data in the same year are highlighted in grey.;Results from Monte Carlo ANOVA (80,000 replications) comparing the differences in mean Width 50% (W50) standardized by total length between different female demographic units: juvenile female (JF), lactating female (LF), and pregnant female (PF). Each point represents the difference in means and the vertical lines represent that 95% highest posterior density intervals (HPDI) between each compared group (JF-LF, PF-JF, and PF-LF). The horizontal dashed line at zero indicates no difference between the groups. We consider these differences significant if >95% of the posterior draws were above (or below) zero; JF-LF (58.2%), PF-JF (98.0%), and PF-LF (95.9%).;Plot used to assess the assumption of homoscedasticity (right). The plot shows the standardized residuals on the y-axis against the fitted values on the x-axis. If the plot exhibits a random scatter of points around a horizontal line without any strong discernible pattern, suggesting that the assumption of homoscedasticity is met. Normal Q-Q plot (left). The plot is used to check the assumption of normality of the residuals, which assumes that the residuals follow a normal distribution. The plot displays the quantiles of the standardized residuals against the quantiles of a theoretical normal distribution. The points in the plot follow the straight reference line close enough to assess that the assumption of normality is reasonably satisfied.;Table of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to Compare the Mean LogfP4m among Different Demographic Units (Top), and Posterior Pairwise Comparisons using Tukey's HSD Test (Bottom)