Astragalus regulates the intestinal immune response during sepsis by mediating ILC3 proliferation through RORγt

Background: Sepsis is a common complication of many diseases and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Astragalus can improve humoral and innate immunity, inhibit inflammatory responses, and protect immune cells and organs from damage. However, to the best of our knowledge there are no reports on whether astragalus can regulate intestinal innate immune function during sepsis. Methods: In this study, a rat cecal ligation and puncture model of sepsis was used to investigate the effects of astragalus treatment, following which the apoptosis rate of lymphocytes from Peyer’s patches (PP) was determined. Type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) were cultured in vitro to further evaluate the effects and mechanisms of astragalus. Results: The apoptosis level of lymphocytes from PP in rats with sepsis was significantly increased, and the number of ILC3 was significantly reduced, compared with the sham operation group, which aggravated intestinal injury and ultimately led to the death of rats. Astragalus treatment significantly inhibited the apoptosis of lymphocytes from PP, increased the number of ILC3, and improved the intestinal inflammatory environment compared to the sepsis group. RT-PCR revealed that astragalus and the retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) agonist LYC-55716 both promote the expression of interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, interferon-γ, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor mRNA. Mechanistically, astragalus promotes the proliferation of ILC3 through RORγt, thereby reducing intestinal inflammatory damage. Conclusion: Astragalus, via RORγt, promotes the generation of ILC3, improves the inflammatory environment in rats with sepsis