study of the effect of Z-track intramuscular injection on severity of pain,bruises ,and drug leakage at injection site

the purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to examine the effect of the Z-track intramuscular injection technique on severity of pain,bruises and drug leakage at the injection site.the subjects of the study were 60 adult medical-surgical patients at Kerman university of medical sciences hospitals.subjects served as their own controls by receiving both z-track and standard intramuscular injections.data collection was done during 1996,following administration of both injection techniques on each patient subjective measures by mean of pain reported by patient(as lesser,equai,or more in each injection ),and objective measures of injection site drug leakage and bruises(as longest diameter size/mm) were recorded.data were analyzed by parametric(paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance),and biparametric(chi-square test and sign test) statistical tests.results showed,that the z-track techique significantly decreased incidence of selected descriptors of three variables of pain(p<0.001),bruises (p<0.05) and drug leakage (p