The effect of visual discourse on the continuation and strengthening of distorted readings of the Karbala incident (Case study: Illustration of Moharebeh Qasim Ibn Al-Hassan (AS) in the Qajar period, by Mirza Ali Gholi Khoi)

One of the forgotten issues in the context of the distortions of the Karbala incident is the influence of visual elements on the continuation and strengthening of this trend. These distortions, which appeared in the reports of the book "Rawdat al-Shuhada", influenced by the previous works, to a large extent in a consolidated form, continued extensively in the Marathi courts during the Qajar period with the advent of lithography and ease of publishing the book. One of the capabilities of lithography was the use of in-text illustrations related to events (translation of written discourse into visual discourse).The purpose of the present study, relying on descriptive-analytical method, is to answer the question that Mirza Aliqoli Khoi's illustrations of Qasem Ibn Al-Hassan (AS) with the sons of Azraq Shami, in Toofan Al-Baka, Mourning Code and Asrar Al-Shahadeh, as a visual discourse And to what extent have they contributed to the continuation and strengthening of this distorted report? Findings indicate that the images (text) while influencing the existing pretexts and especially the shrine of the martyrs, has spread this distorted report, so that this trend can be influenced by the norms and beliefs of society and artistic authority, to Creating an epic image of Qasim (AS) as well as showing the power of illustration in relative contrast with other types of Karbala memorial ceremonies