Screen printed and RT-processed emitters for crystalline silicon solar cells

The combination of Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) and Screen Printing (SP) of phosphorus pastes has been investigated for homogeneous and selective emitter formation. With the developing progress in various fields of solar cell technology, the realization of selective emitters gains more importance in order to increase efficiency. As both technologies, RTP and SP, enable high throughput, a selective emitter forming process could be established in solar cell production. Solar cells with homgeneous and selective emitters have been processed to determine the potential of this type of emitters. First promising results for solar cells without surface passivation have been achieved with 14.0% efficiency for monocrystalline silicon. Maximum achievable open circuit voltages for the realized doping profiles were calculated from emitter dark saturation current simulations