The concept on cultural relativism, for being introduced into the modem thought, was necessarily founded on some general re-evaluations, bound up systematically and taking place in the culture of the I8th and 19th centuries. These changes privileged 1) the form versus the substance (in the linguistic theory, in the representation of the Nature, in the idea of religion), 2) the creation versus the destruction (a new image of the ruins, the «cult of heroes» as creative persons), 3) the artefact versus the text (the valorisation of architecture, the motif of bibliomanie, the mythology of «pictorial» poetry), 4) the stranger versus the familiar (stranger as foreigner and as a metaphysical «other»).La notion de relativisme culturel, pour s'intro...