Convention and common knowledge « Rationality cannot feed on itself only » (Aumann). Unless it feeds also on collective entities, such as conventions, that are not amenable to individual rationality, it fails to determine social reality. The concept of Common knowledge is examined in this Hght, as well as its ambition to render the collectivity totally transparent to its individual members. It is shown that this ambition is hindered by logical impossibilities. Perfect information is not the limit of imperfect information when imperfection becomes infinitely small. Perfect information is a self-refuting ideal. Lewis's and Keynes's concepts of convention are compared.Convention et Common knowledge Le paradigme de la rationalité est radical...