The tradeoff between treatment plan quality and required number of monitor units in intensity-modulated radiotherapy

Purpose: To provide a mathematical approach for quantifying the tradeoff between intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) complexity and plan quality. Methods and Materials: We solve a multi-objective program that includes IMRT complexity, measured as the number of monitor units (MU) needed to deliver the plan using a multileaf collimator, as an objective. Clinical feasibility of plans is ensured by the use of hard constraints in the formulation. Optimization output is a Pareto surface of treatment plans, which allows the tradeoffs between IMRT complexity, tumor coverage, and tissue sparing to be observed. Paraspinal and lung cases are presented. Results: Although the amount of possible MU reduction is highly dependent on the difficulty of the underlying treatment plan (difficult plans requiring a high degree of intensity modulation are more sensitive to MU reduction), in some cases the number of MU can be reduced more than twofold with a