Integrating electrochemical pretreatment (EPT) and side-stream sulfidogenesis with conventional activated sludge process : performance, microbial community and sludge reduction mechanisms

Recently, inserting an anaerobic side-stream reactor into a conventional activated sludge (CAS) process for upgrading biological wastewater treatment plants with in-situ sludge reduction function has been extensively studied. A typical example is an oxic-settling anaerobic (OSA) process, which can achieve efficient sludge reduction, but requires ample space, limiting its application potential. Optimizing the conventional OSA process towards compact and energy-efficient is necessary. This paper studied a new method by integrating electrochemical pretreatment (EPT) and sulfidogenesis-enhanced anaerobic treatment with a conventional OSA process to achieve considerable in-situ sludge reduction with a limited side-stream size requirement (i.e. short sludge retention time (SRT)). The proposed idea was verified experimentally – first, batch experiments were conducted to determine the effective sulfate concentration for the EPT and sulfidogenic side-stream reactor (ESSR); then, the ESSR-CAS process (upgrading CAS with a new ESSR) and a stand-alone CAS process (control) were operated in parallel for 200 days. The experimental results showed that: The new ESSR, with approximately 125 mg S/L of sulfate dosed and 5 min electrochemical sludge pretreatment at 15 V, can successfully accelerate anaerobic reactions, resulting in a short SRT of 2.5 days. The ESSR-CAS process can reduce sludge production by 61%, with high soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies of 96% and 70% respectively. The possible mechanisms of ESSR for the augment of sludge hydrolysis (sludge floc disintegration, extracellular polymer destruction, and cell structure breakage) as well as the economic considerations of this new sulfur-cycle bioprocess are discussed.Recently, inserting an anaerobic side-stream reactor into a conventional activated sludge (CAS) process for upgrading biological wastewater treatment plants with in-situ sludge reduction function has been extensively studied. A typical example is an oxic-settling anaerobic (OSA) process, which can achieve efficient sludge reduction, but requires ample space, limiting its application potential. Optimizing the conventional OSA process towards compact and energy-efficient is necessary. This paper studied a new method by integrating electrochemical pretreatment (EPT) and sulfidogenesis-enhanced anaerobic treatment with a conventional OSA process to achieve considerable in-situ sludge reduction with a limited side-stream size requirement (i.e. short sludge retention time (SRT)). The proposed idea was verified experimentally – first, batch experiments were conducted to determine the effective sulfate concentration for the EPT and sulfidogenic side-stream reactor (ESSR); then, the ESSR-CAS process (upgrading CAS with a new ESSR) and a stand-alone CAS process (control) were operated in parallel for 200 days. The experimental results showed that: The new ESSR, with approximately 125 mg S/L of sulfate dosed and 5 min electrochemical sludge pretreatment at 15 V, can successfully accelerate anaerobic reactions, resulting in a short SRT of 2.5 days. The ESSR-CAS process can reduce sludge production by 61%, with high soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies of 96% and 70% respectively. The possible mechanisms of ESSR for the augment of sludge hydrolysis (sludge floc disintegration, extracellular polymer destruction, and cell structure breakage) as well as the economic considerations of this new sulfur-cycle bioprocess are discussed.A