Monolithically integrated optical frequency converter and amplitude modulator in LiNbO3 fabricated by femtosecond laser pulses

We report on the monolithic integration of frequency converter and amplitude modulator in a single lithium niobate (LiNbO3) chip by the use of focussed ultrashort laser pulses. The waveguiding structures are obtained by femtosecond-laser induced internal modification and the electrodes are ablated out of a gold-layer sputtered onto the sample surface