Wirtschaftlicher Einsatz keramischer Membranen zur integrierten Prozesswasserbewirtschaftung - Fallbeispiele

Due to their physical properties ceramic membranes offer a wide range of applications. Compared to polymeric membranes, ceramic membr anes are significantly more resistant against temperature and pH values as well as against mechanical stress. Furthermore they normally show significantly higher permeate fluxes. Starting with the development of ceramic supports (flat and tubular) of high porosity, membranes for micro- and ultrafiltration were developed. In the year 2000 the first ceramic nanofiltration membrane with a cut-off of 450 Dalton was developed. In the meantime, this membrane was commercialized and still is outstanding regarding its low cut-off