Increased raw material efficiency through product-service systems in resource-intensive production processes?: Barriers, chances and an assessment approach

Product service systems (PSS) are a strategic option to increase raw material efficiency by intensifying product use or decoupling volume from profitability. To increase their market share in resource-intensive industries, this paper discusses an assessment approach based on the multi-criteria method PROMETHEE, which considers the benefits and perceived risks in a transparent way. The necessary criteria covering all aspects of the decision to introduce a PSS focusing on raw material efficiency are identified and determined by expert interviews and a comprehensive literature research