INTRODUCTION: Human kidney constitutes an integral organ during the period of embryogenesis. The use of regular ultrasound during antenatal follow ups not only assesses structural aspects of fetal body but can also evaluate functional integrity of developing organs to some extent. Unfortunately, fetal renal hemodynamics has been studied more in western population which have better socio-economic status as well as good antenatal care. Our study aims at establishing a normal reference range for fetal renal artery indices in healthy Pakistani pregnant population which has not been done before. METHODOLOGY: This is a nonprobability convenient study investigating 130 healthy pregnant women during 18-38weeks of gestation. Resistivity and pulsatil...
ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate the fetal renal artery impedance and hemodynamics i...
Objective: To establish a threshold value for fetal renal pelvis dilatation measured by automatic vo...
Objective: To establish a threshold value for fetal renal pelvis dilatation measured by automatic vo...
Introduction: The study objectives were to develop standard charts for fetal renal artery blood flo...
Introduction: The study objectives were to develop standard charts for fetal renal artery blood flo...
Objective: The objective of this study was to develop new standard growth charts for fetal renal par...
Introduction: Disorders of fetal growth, such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and large fo...
PurposeAlterations in renal dimensions may be an early manifestation of deviation from normality, wi...
Objective: To establish longitudinal reference intervals for pulsatility index (PI) and systolic vel...
Introduction: Disorders of fetal growth, such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and large fo...
Objective: Preeclampsia, characterized by endothelial dysfunction, is associated with maternal and f...
Introduction: Disorders of fetal growth, such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and large fo...
PurposeThis study aimed to describe hemodynamic changes in the fetal renal artery in cases of isolat...
Introduction: Disorders of fetal growth, such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and large fo...
Background: Belated booking for antenatal care remains a common practice among pregnant women in dev...
ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate the fetal renal artery impedance and hemodynamics i...
Objective: To establish a threshold value for fetal renal pelvis dilatation measured by automatic vo...
Objective: To establish a threshold value for fetal renal pelvis dilatation measured by automatic vo...
Introduction: The study objectives were to develop standard charts for fetal renal artery blood flo...
Introduction: The study objectives were to develop standard charts for fetal renal artery blood flo...
Objective: The objective of this study was to develop new standard growth charts for fetal renal par...
Introduction: Disorders of fetal growth, such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and large fo...
PurposeAlterations in renal dimensions may be an early manifestation of deviation from normality, wi...
Objective: To establish longitudinal reference intervals for pulsatility index (PI) and systolic vel...
Introduction: Disorders of fetal growth, such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and large fo...
Objective: Preeclampsia, characterized by endothelial dysfunction, is associated with maternal and f...
Introduction: Disorders of fetal growth, such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and large fo...
PurposeThis study aimed to describe hemodynamic changes in the fetal renal artery in cases of isolat...
Introduction: Disorders of fetal growth, such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and large fo...
Background: Belated booking for antenatal care remains a common practice among pregnant women in dev...
ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate the fetal renal artery impedance and hemodynamics i...
Objective: To establish a threshold value for fetal renal pelvis dilatation measured by automatic vo...
Objective: To establish a threshold value for fetal renal pelvis dilatation measured by automatic vo...