On the Sublimation of Dry-Ice: Experimental Investigation and Thermal Modelling of Low-Temperatures on a Sandy Soil

In the last decade, growing awareness about CO2 emissions is supporting the authorities in a more sustainable society. The proposed solutions embrace different topics, such as renewable energy implementation, lower waste production, and carbon capture and storage technologies (CCS). The latter is based upon the best available knowledge about the thermophysical properties of CO2, which are not always satisfactory for its complete characterization. In this work, it is investigated the interaction of the CO2 in solid phase (dry-ice) with sandy soil, a phenomenon that can potentially occur following pipeline ruptures. An experimental setup and a numerical model have been developed to measure and validate the temperature profiles beneath the dry-ice bank at steady-state conditions. The model has been validated with the experimental data by defining a suitable range of the thermal conductivity at the solid phase (0.25-0.30 W m(-1) K-1) that led to the best match (deviation of 7.81%). Finally, the overall heat transfer coefficient (85.56-86.35 W m(-2) K-1) has been numerically calculated