Harnessing the local innovation system: an overarching solution for policy and financing instruments for promoting the localization of smart infrastructure

The infrastructure and transport sector is experiencing global trends that will radically transform it over the next few years. This transformation is mainly enabled by the evolutions of digital and new technologies, which have transformed the sector, changing the logic of offer and use of services, but have also redesigned its boundaries: zero-emission vehicles will replace fossil fuel ones, self-driving cars will transform travel into leisure time, advanced use of data will change the way in which mobility services will be conceived, programmed, and offered to customers. Today, in fact, it is no longer conceivable to talk about mobility services without talking about transport infrastructures, energy infrastructures, and telecommunications. The following chapter presents a general discussion of the criteria that the administrations have to use for the diffusion of charging stations. It will include a brief introduction of and current developments regarding the new players and the new mode to live the concept of mobility; the different types of charging stations (private and public) currently available according to their characteristics; the different scenarios necessary to consider for the diffusion of CSs and the usage costs