Magnetohydrodynamic free convection boundary layerFlow of non-Newtonian tangent hyperbolic fluid from a vertical permeable cone with variable temperature

The nonlinear, non-isothermal steady-state boundary layer flow and heat transfer of an incompressible tangent hyperbolic non-Newtonian (viscoelastic) fluid from a vertical permeable cone with magnetic field are studied. The transformed conservation equations are solved numerically subject to physically appropriate boundary conditions using the second-order accurate implicit finite difference Keller-box technique. The numerical code is validated with previous studies. The influence of a number of emerging non-dimensional parameters, namely a Weissenberg number (We), rheological power law index (m), surface temperature exponent (n), Prandtl number (Pr), magnetic parameter (M) suction/injection parameter (fw) and dimensionless tangential coordinate (ξ) on velocity and temperature evolution in the boundary layer regime, is examined in detail. Furthermore, the effects of these parameters on surface heat transfer rate and local skin friction are also investigated. It is observed that velocity, surface heat transfer rate and local skin friction are reduced with increasing Weissenberg number, but temperature is increased. Increasing m enhances velocity and surface heat transfer rate but reduces temperature and local skin friction. An increase in non-isothermal power law index (n) is observed to decrease the velocity and temperature. Increasing magnetic parameter (M) is found to decrease the velocity and increase the temperature. Overall, the primary influence on free convection is sustained through the magnetic body force parameter, M, and also the surface mass flux (injection/suction) parameter, fw. The rheological effects, while still prominent, are not as dramatic. Boundary layers (both hydrodynamic and thermal) are, therefore, most strongly modified by the applied magnetic field and wall mass flux effect. The study is pertinent to smart coatings, e.g., durable paints, aerosol deposition processing and water-based solvent thermal treatment in chemical engineering