During the last decades, satellite technology has been outstandingly improved, providing huge amounts of Earth Observation (EO) data to be processed and stored. The availability of very high resolution sensors has encouraged the birth of new domains for remote sensing applications. Relatively new fields in this frame are Image Information Mining (IIM) and Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR). These fields are born to provide solutions for querying very large EO archives by content. This dissertation tries to contribute on the IIM domain, providing new image processing algorithms and optimization processes for mining image databases. The study of an IIM system can be focused on signal processing methods, data compression, semantic knowledge...