Pre-operative pulmonary evaluation of lung cancer patients: a review of the literature

Complete anatomical resection of the primary tumour is still the standard of care in patients with early stage lung cancer. Because these patients are usually smokers who also suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, regional differences in pulmonary function due to lung tissue destruction exist. The purpose of the present article is to evaluate the currently available guidelines and to discuss novel methods for the pre-operative functional and anatomical pulmonary evaluation in lung cancer patients. Despite the fact that knowledge on the pre-operative evaluation of the pulmonary function has substantially increased during the past decade, the majority of the studies are small, underpowered and, with exception of a proposed algorithm, not prospectively validated in independent cohorts. The future harmonisation of guidelines is required and novel imaging techniques should be incorporated in the pre-operative evaluation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with borderline pulmonary function