Systematic literature review of the prevalence, pattern, and determinant of multimorbidity among older adults in Nigeria

Introduction Multimorbidity is a rising health issue globally and it is likely to become challenging in developing countries like Nigeria as they experience economic, demographic, and epidemiology transition. Yet, evidence of prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity, and their determinants, are scarce. This study aims to systematically review studies of the prevalence, patterns, and determinants of multimorbidity in Nigeria. Methods Studies were identified by searching five electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Africa Index Medicus/Global Index Medicus). Multimorbidity as well as other versions of it was used to search. The prevalence and determinants were also searched. According to pre-established inclusion criteria, and using different search strategies, 6 articles were included. The quality and risk of bias were assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) appraisal tool for prevalence studies. Two researchers assessed the eligibility of studies for inclusion. The Protocol was registered on PROSPERO Ref no. CRD42021273222. The overall prevalence, pattern, and determinants were analyzed. Results We identified 6 eligible publications describing studies that included a total of 3332 (men 47.5%, women 52.5%) patients from 4 states plus the federal capital territory Abuja. The multimorbidity prevalence ranges from 27% to 74 % among elderly Nigerians. Cardiovascular together with metabolic and/or musculoskeletal conditions were the frequent patterns of multimorbidity. A positive association was observed between age and multimorbidity in most studies. Other factors associated with multimorbidity were female gender, low education status, poor monthly income/ unemployment, hospitalization, medical visits, and emergency services. Conclusion There has been a growing need for more applied health services research to understand better and manage multimorbidity in developed countries. The scarcity of studies in our review reveals that multimorbidity is not a priority area of research in Nigeria and this will continue to hinder policy development in that area