Preferences for pharmacist services to enhance medication management among people with diabetes in Indonesia: A discrete choice experiment

Objectives: To elicit patients' preferences for pharmacist services that can enhance medication management among people with diabetes in Indonesia. Methods: A discrete choice experiment (DCE) among 833 respondents with diabetes in 57 community health centers (CHCs) and three hospitals in Surabaya, Indonesia. Consultation was the baseline service. Four attributes of consultation and two attributes of additional services were used in the DCE profiles based on literature and expert opinion. The DCE choice sets generated were partially balanced and partially without overlap. Random effect logistic regression was used in the analysis.Results: Respondents preferred a shorter duration of consultation and flexible access to the pharmacist offering the consultation. A private consultation room and lower copayment (fee) for services were also preferred. Respondents with experience in getting medication information from pharmacists, preferred to make an appointment for the consultation. Total monthly income and experience with pharmacist services influenced preferences for copayments. Conclusion: Differences in patients' preferences identified in the study provide information on pharmacist services that meet patients' expectations and contribute to improve medication management among people with diabetes. Practice implication: This study provides insight into evaluating and designing pharmacist services in accordance with the preferences of people with diabetes in Indonesia.(c) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).