Employment and Physical Activity in the U.S.

Background: Physical inactivity is a risk factor for obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and other chronic diseases that are increasingly prevalent in the U. S. and worldwide. Time at work represents a major portion of the day for employed people. Purpose: To determine how employment status (full-time, part-time, or not employed) and job type (active or sedentary) are related to daily physical activity levels in American adults. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were collected in 2003-2004 and analyzed in 2010. Physical activity was measured using Actigraph uniaxial accelerometers, and participants aged 20-60 years with >= days of monitoring were included (N = 1826). Accelerometer variables included mean counts/minute during wear time and proportion of wear time spent in various intensity levels. Results: In men, full-time workers were more active than healthy nonworkers (p = 0.004), and in weekday-only analyses, even workers with sedentary jobs were more active (p = 0.03) and spent less time sedentary (p <0.001) than nonworkers. In contrast with men, women with full-time sedentary jobs spent more time sedentary (p = 0.008) and had less light and lifestyle intensity activity than healthy nonworkers on weekdays. Within full-time workers, those with active jobs had greater weekday activity than those with sedentary jobs (22% greater in men, 30% greater in women). Conclusions: In men, full-time employment, even in sedentary occupations, is positively associated with physical activity compared to not working, and in both genders job type has a major bearing on daily activity levels. (Am J Prev Med 2011;41(2):136-145