The relationships between urbanization and bird functional traits across the streetscape

The urbanization process leads to changes in bird communities' taxonomic and functional compositions. Highly urbanized areas generally exhibit a reduced number of bird species sharing few functional traits. However, most urban bird studies focused on vegetation patches in temperate cities. In this study, we investigate how urban environmental attributes - noise, height of buildings, and urban vegetation characteristics - modulate species occurrences and the distribution of functional traits across the streetscape of a tropical metropolis. We predicted diverse trait-environment relationships, but that highly urbanized contexts (e.g., noisy streets with tall buildings) would be mostly occupied b,y a lower number of species sharing generalist traits. We also predicted to observePeer reviewe