Communicating non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug risks: Verbal counseling, written medicine information, and patients\u27 risk awareness

OBJECTIVE: To assess potential associations among physician counseling, pharmacist counseling, written medicine information (WMI) and patient awareness of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) risks. METHODS: Three-hundred and eighty-two older, white and African American patients prescribed NSAIDs were surveyed regarding their NSAID risk awareness defined as an index score ranging from zero to four correctly identified risks (i.e., gastrointestinal bleeding, heart attack, hypertension, and kidney disease). Associations among NSAID risk awareness and patient-reported physician counseling, pharmacist counseling, and reading of WMI were evaluated in multivariable ordered logistic regression models and confirmed using path analysis. RESULTS: Physician counseling was positively associated with reading WMI (p\u3c0.001) and NSAID risk awareness (p\u3c0.001). Pharmacist counseling was not associated with reading WMI (p=0.622) and neither pharmacist counseling (p=0.366) nor reading WMI (p=0.916) was associated with NSAID risk awareness. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians play a prominent role in facilitating NSAID risk awareness whereas pharmacist counseling and WMI may have limited impact. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The lack of significant associations among pharmacist counseling and reading WMI with NSAID risk awareness suggests a missed opportunity to improve patient understanding. There is a need for coordinated and effective strategies to communicate risk information among physicians and pharmacists and to better integrate WMI into this process