From assistive to inclusive? A systematic review of the uses and effects of technology to support people with PIMD

Background Quality of life (QoL) of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) can be enhanced by the use of technologies. There are various types of technologies to do this. However, their objectives and effects are understudied. A systematic literature review was therefore conducted to explore this topic.Objective Create an overview of evidence-based technologies targeting people with PIMD and their objectives and effects. More knowledge may foster positive attitudes, enabling relatives and healthcare professionals to make informed decisions, thus benefiting people with PIMD.Design/methods A search of four databases yielded 64 studies. Data were extracted on their general characteristics, methods and sample characteristics as well as the technology types, QoL domains and application within ecological systems. A narrative synthesis was subsequently developed. Results Most of the studies applied assistive technology (AT), with fewer studies focusing on mainstream technology (MT), and technology based on universal design (UD) principles. Technology was most frequently deployed at an individual level and within the microsystem.Conclusion Technology can enhance the QoL of people with PIMD, especially on self-determination and personal development. There are indications that although MT and UD-based technologies are used in practice, few studies have examined these technologies. Therefore, there is a knowledge gap regarding the kinds of technologies that are used in practice. Additional research into technology use in PIMD in practice is required.