Over thirty years ago, Marshall Shapo coined the term constitutional tort to denote a suit brought against an official, charging a constitutional violation and seeking damages. In the years since Shapo\u27s pathbreaking article, the number of such suits has grown exponentially. The suits have generated a host of new substantive and remedial issues, yet conventional casebooks on constitutional law and federal courts give little attention to the area. That Professor Shapiro had four books to include in his review of Civil Rights casebooks in the Seattle University Law Review is some indication of a demand for teaching materials currently unmet by federal courts and constitutional law casebook offerings. The premise of our book is that co...