Raising cane: linkages, organizations and negotiations in Malang's sugar industry, East Java.

The linkages between the Javanese sugar industry and the village communities have drawn the attention of both historians and social scientists. The formal organization of these linkages has changed drastically since Indonesia's independence; from plantation into outgrowers production contract systems. The Indonesian government nowadays regulates the sugar markets and the tripartite institutional structure, coordinating activities between the outgrowers' organizations and the mills, under directives of the district government.This study, based on field data collected during the 1990/1991 cane growing season, is a sociology of economic life, dealing with organizational changes in the agro-industrial linkages in the sugar sector in one particular region. The first section of the book describes the longterm changes in the organizational structure of the sugar industry, both on the national and regional levels. The book then discusses the current organization of cane production and local-level marketing. The results of three village studies from different agro-ecological zones are presented in the second section. The book finally gives a comparative analysis of the organization of cane production and the patterns of interaction in the different agro-ecological zones. This comparison is related to an analysis of the interactions between actors with differing interests in the institutions and informal networks that form Malang's sugar production system at the supra-local level