Immediate placement of single implants with or without immediate provisionalization in the maxillary aesthetic region:A 5-year comparative study

Aim To compare marginal bone level changes around immediately placed and immediately provisionalized implants with immediately placed and delayed provisionalized implants in the aesthetic region after five years of function.Materials and Methods Forty patients with a failing tooth in the maxillary anterior region were randomly assigned immediate implant placement with immediate (Group A: n = 20) or delayed (Group B: n = 20) provisionalization. Definitive crown placement occurred three months after provisionalization. The primary outcomes were changes in marginal bone level. In addition, survival rates, buccal bone thickness, soft peri-implant tissues, aesthetics and patient-reported outcomes were assessed.Results After 5 years, the mean mesial and distal marginal bone level changes were 0.71 +/- 0.68 mm and 0.71 +/- 0.71 mm, respectively, in group A and 0.49 +/- 0.52 mm and 0.54 +/- 0.64 mm, respectively, in group B; the difference between the groups was not significant (p = .305 and p = .477, respectively). Implant and restoration survivals were 100%. No clinically relevant differences in buccal bone thickness or in mid-facial peri-implant mucosal level, aesthetic and patient outcomes were observed.Conclusions The mean marginal bone level changes following immediate implant placement and provisionalization were comparable with immediate implant placement and delayed provisionalization. (: ISRCTN57251089 and : NL8255).