Mutants of the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin with reduced ADP-ribosylation activity or no activity retain the immunogenic properties of the native holotoxin

The Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) is a potent inducer of mucosal immune responses. In a previous study (L. DeHaan, W. R. Verweij, M. Holtrop, E. Agsteribbe, and J. Wilschut, Vaccine 14:620-626, 1996), we have shown that efficient induction of an LTB-specific mucosal immune response by LT requires the presence of the LTA chain, suggesting a possible role of the enzymatic activity of LTA in the induction of these responses. In the present study, we generated LT mutants,vith altered ADP-ribosylation activities and evaluated their immunogenicity upon intranasal administration to mice. The results demonstrate that the mucosal immunogenicity of LT is not dependent on its ADP-ribosylation activity.