Plastic nets in agiculture ; a general review of types and applications

At the moment, there are a large number of agricultural net types on the market characterized by different structural features such as type of material, type and dimensions of threads, texture, mesh size, porosity / solidity and weight; by radiometric properties like color, transmissivity/reflectivity/shading factor; by physical properties like air permeability and several mechanical characteristics such as tensile stress, strength, elongation at break, and durability. Protection from hail, wind, snow, or strong rainfall in fruit-farming and ornamentals, shading nets for greenhouses and nets moderately modifying the microenvironment for a crop are the most common applications. A systematic review of the current state-of-the-art of structural parameters, standard and regulations, most common agricultural net applications, and their supporting structures has been developed by means of a literature study, technical investigations, concerning characteristics and use of nets. As a result, the survey highlighted that in many cases different, not even similar, net types were adopted for the same application and the same cultivations by various growers. Results show that neither growers nor net producers have clear ideas about the relationship between the net typology optimization for a specific application and the construction parameters of the net. The choice often depends on empirical or economic criteria and not on scientific considerations. Moreover, it appears that scientifically justified technical requirements for nets used in specific agricultural applications have not been established yet