Production of justicidin B, a cytotoxic arylnaphthalene lignan from genetically transformed root cultures of Linum leonii

Callus and hairy root cultures of Linum leonii were established. The genetic transformation in hairy roots was proven by PCR analysis, which showed integration of rol A and rol C genes into the plant genome. Calli and hairy roots accumulate the arylnaphthalene lignan justicidin B as a major constituent. Hairy roots produce 5-fold higher yields of justicidin B (10.8 mg g(-1) DW) compared to calli. Justicidin B shows strong cytotoxicity on the chronic myeloid leukemia LAMA-8 and K-562 cell lines and on the chronic lymphoid leukemia SKW-3 cell line with IC50 values of 1.11, 6.08, and 1.62 mu M, respectively. Apoptotic properties of justicidin B are reported for the first time.