Computer modelling as a tool for understanding language evolution

This paper describes the uses of computer models in studying the evolution of language. Language is a complex dynamic system that can be studied at the level of the individual and at the level of the population. Much of the dynamics of language evolution and language change occur because of the interaction of these two levels. It is argued that this interaction is too complicated to study with pen-and-paper analysis alone and that computer models, therefore, provide a useful tool for understanding language evolution. Different techniques are presented: direct optimization, genetic algorithms and agent-based models. Of each of these techniques, an example is briefly presented. Also, the importance of correctly measuring and presenting the results of computer simulations is stressed.