Palynological evidence for late-Holocene human occupation recorded in two wetlands in SW Turkey

Pollen diagrams from mountain lakes and marshes in SW Turkey show evidence of intensive anthropogenic influence in the landscape between 3500 and 1300 BP. Three cores from within the territory of the classical city Sagalassos (Western Taurus, Pisidia) were palynologically analysed to make a reconstruction of the past vegetation in the territory of Sagalassos and to estimate the impact of its inhabitants on the landscape in Pisidia. Two cores originate from an intramontane marsh (Gravgaz; elevation 1215 m) and one from a seasonal intramontane lake (Canakh; elevation 1030 m). Human acitivity is apparent from c. 2530 BP in the pollen diagrams. A deforestation phase/'disturbance' phase (from c. 2530 BP/c. 2480 BP till c. 2280 BP/c. 2270 BP), anthropogenically or climatologically driven, precedes a cultivation period (arboricultural phase) (from c. 2280 BP/2270 BP till c. 1480 BP/c. 1270 BP). The results of the pollen analyses of the three cores are compared and show many similarities. There are also similarities with other cores from SW Turkey, although the arboricultural phase (mainly olive cultivation) occurs later in the cores from the Sagalassos territory than in other cores from SW Turkey.