Spinal cord stimulation for ischemic heart disease

An increasing number of patients are suffering from angina pectoris that is chronically refractory to standard anti-ischemic treatment such as pharmacological and surgical strategies. To improve the quality of life of these severely disabled patients, without adversely affecting their prognosis, a number of adjunct therapies are available. One of the most promising appears to be spinal cord stimulation. We will review the literature and discuss the efficacy, safety and mechanisms of neuromodulation as an adjuvant therapy for chronic refractory angina pectoris.