Chilling injury in stored nectarines and its detection by time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy

Nectarine fruit after cold storage soften normally, but become dry instead of juicy and can develop flesh browning, bleeding and a gel-like or glassy formation of the flesh near the pit. An experiment was conducted to see if time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy could distinguish these internal disorders non-destructively. The optical parameters of absorption coefficient (µa) and reduced scattering coefficient (µ's) were measured at 670 nm and 780 nm, on nectarine (Prunus persica cv. Morsiani 90) fruit held at 20 °C after harvest or after 30 d of storage at 0 °C or 4 °C. Each day for 5 d 30 fruit were examined both non-destructively and destructively. Other measurements were firmness with a penetrometer, peel colour on the blush and non-blush side, expressible juice, weight loss, and visual rating of internal browning, bleeding, and gel. The fruit had been sorted at harvest according to the value of µa670 so that each batch had a similar spread of fruit maturity. More mature fruit (lower µa670 values) developed internal browning and bleeding with more severe symptoms compared to less mature ones (higher µa670 values). It was found that µa780 could distinguish healthy fruits from the chilling injured ones. Canonical discriminant analysis indicated that fruit without cold storage had low µa780, less water loss, low firmness, but high µa670 and high expressible juice compared with cool stored fruit. Fruit cool stored at 4 °C had high µa780 and less expressible juice, lower water loss and lower firmness compared with fruit cool stored at 0 °C. It was concluded that time resolved reflectance spectroscopy could detect internal woolliness and internal browning in nectarines after storag