The analysis of the materials used in cave paintings in prehistoric caves represents a major challenge, both in terms of the obstacles to be overcome and the scientific contribution that can be made. Indeed, characterizing these materials allows not only to know the materials used, but also to discuss the relationships of the different graphic entities between them on the basis of their composition to better understand the organization of prehistoric sites. With data of sufficiently good quality, it is even possible to discuss the techniques and “know-how” used or the relationships of these materials with colored artifacts or geological sources. However, the quality of the data collected is very dependent on the techniques and methods used....