The Catholic Priest Between the Church and the State From the 18th Until the Beginning of the 20th Century

U radu se prate promjene naglasaka u oblikovanju uloge svećenička i utjecaja na identitet od kasnog 18. stoljeća do početka 20. stoljeća. Naglasak je stavljen na duhovne, društvene i političke procese, kao i promjene koje su oblikovale europsko »dugo« 19. stoljeće, a koje su kroz različita razdoblja utjecale na svećenički identitet, njegovo shvaćanje u Crkvi, poimanje u teologiji i na ulogu u društvu. Obuhvaćeno je vrijeme ranog i kasnog jozefinizma, od druge polovice 18. do druge polovice 19. stoljeća, kada se javlja pokret za reformom Crkve, koji se poklapa s rastućim pretenzijama apsolutističke monarhije. Pod utjecajem ideja jozefinizma i jansenizma mijenja se poimanje svećeničkog identiteta i uloge u društvu, koje je strogo usmjereno na pastoralno djelovanje i formiranje lojalnih građana države. Međutim, veliki društveno-politički prevrati cijelog 19. stoljeća u potpunosti će naglaske reforme Crkve, oličene u pokretu obnovnog ili reformnog katolicizma, preusmjeriti, u srazu s liberalizmom, prema ultramontanizmu i papinskom centralizmu. Svi ti procesi utjecati će u jednom relativno kratkom razdoblju na velike promjene u oblikovanju svećeničke uloge u društvu i Crkvi, iako će tridentska formacija i dalje dominirati u odgojnoj i obrazovnoj formaciji.The article tracks the changes of emphasis of shaping the role of priest and the influence on identity from the late 18th century until the beginning of the 20th century. The author puts emphasis on spiritual, social, and political processes, as well as on the changes that formed the European »long« 19th century, which had an impact in various periods on the priestly identity, its understanding in the Church, in theology, and in society. This contribution considers the period of early and late Josephinism, from the second half of the 18th century until the second half of the 19th century, when the movement for reform of the Church emerges, which goes hand in hand with the growing pretensions of the absolutist monarchy. Under the influence of the ideas of Josephinism and Jansenism, the understanding of priestly identity and its role in society starts to change and is strictly directed to pastoral activity and the formation of loyal citizens of the state. However, great social-political upheavals of the whole 19th century will completely re-direct emphases of the reform of the Church, contained in the movement of renewed or reformed Catholicism, towards Ultramontanism and Papal Centralism, due to the clash with Liberalism. All these processes will have an impact, in a relatively short period of time, on major changes in the shaping of the priestly role in society and in the Church, although the Tridentine formation will continue to dominate in the upbringing and educational formation