Eculizumab therapy for atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome due to a gain-of-function mutation of complement factor B

Background: Atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS) is caused by dysregulated complement activation. A humanised anti-C5 monoclonal antibody has recently become available for treatment of this condition.Case-Diagnosis/Treatment: We present the first description of an infant with an activating mutation of complement factor B successfully treated with eculizumab. On standard doses she had evidence of ongoing C5 cleavage despite a good clinical response.Conclusions: Eculizumab is effective therapy for aHUS associated with factor B mutations, but recommended doses may not be adequate for all patients.