Competitiveness of triticale among spring crops of the Amur region

The need for research is due to the growing demand for fodder grain in the domestic consumer market and the instability of the gross yields of traditional spring crops in the region. The goal is to establish the competitive ability of triticale varieties according to the main production and economic characteristics in various zones of the region, relative to traditional spring crops. The experiments were carried out in 2012–2014 on experimental plots of zonal State Variety Testing Plot of the Amur region. During the growing season of grain crops, meteorological conditions differed from long-term readings. The triticale varieties Grebeshok, Karmen, Rovnya, Ukro and Yarilo were studied. The standards in the experiment were the wheat variety Aryuna, the barley variety Acha and the oat variety Altayskiy large-grained. In the conditions of the region, the longest growing season for wheat is 76 days, and the shortest growing season for barley is 69 days. In varieties of spring triticale, the period from germination to the economic maturity of grain is 1–2 days shorter, or the same as for wheat. The most productive crop is oats – 3.0 t/ha. Wheat yields to oats by 0.5 t/ha or 16.7%, barley yields to oats by 0.45 t/ha or 15%. In the southern zone, the yield of triticale varieties is 0.64–0.87 t/ha higher, in the central zone it is 0.37–0.61 t/ha less, and in the northern zone it is 0.17–0.46 t/ha less than the average regional values