The effect of carbonate content and drying temperature on the ESR-spectrum near G=2 of carbonated calciumapatites synthesized from aqueous-media

The ESR spectrum of X-irradiated carbonated apatites precipitated from aqueous solutions was studied as a function of their carbonate content and drying temperature. When the latter increases from 25 to 400-degrees-C, the ESR spectrum is gradually modified and becomes similar to the spectrum of carbonated apatites, synthesized at high temperatures by solid state reactions. The latter ESR spectrum is dominated by CO3(3-) -contributions whereas the spectrum of precipitated samples dried at 25-degrees-C can mainly be interpreted in terms of CO2-, CO3-, and O- ions. The behavior of these earlier-reported CO2-, CO3-, and O- centers is now studied as a function of drying temperature. In addition, the Spin Hamiltonian parameters of the CO3(3-) centers are determined and some other new paramagnetic radicals are discussed. It is shown that a CO3(2-) ion at a phosphate lattice site (B-type substitution) may give rise to either a CO2-, CO3-, or CO3(3-) radical on X-irradiation, depending on the sample preparation conditions. A surface CO3(2-) ion may cause a surface CO2-, CO3-, or O- radical. From the reported results it is not unambiguously clear whether the CO3(3-) ion detected in the samples with the relatively lowest carbonate content should be located on the surface or on a hydroxyl lattice site (A-type substitution). An important result is that the absolute concentration of the B-type CO3(3-) ion increases with increasing carbonate content as was also the case for the earlier reported B-type radicals (isotropic CO2- and CO3-). On the other hand, the absolute concentration of the surface radicals decreases with increasing carbonate content. The reported results show that similar deconvolution techniques can be applied in the future for the study of ESR spectra of calcified tissues. This will allow a more efficient phenomenological investigation of the latter