A20 inhibits NF-κB activation by dual ubiquitin-editing functions

Deregulation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB can mediate several inflammatory diseases in addition to cancer. Therefore, several proteins, including the zinc finger protein A20, tightly control its activation. Recently, the underlying mechanism by which A20 downregulates NF-kappaB activation in response to the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been described. A20 was shown to exert two opposing activities: sequential de-ubiquitination and ubiquitination of the TNF receptor-interacting protein (RIP), thereby targeting RIP to proteasomal degradation