Canine mammary tumours, an overview

Canine mammary tumours (CMTs) are the most common neoplasms in intact female dogs. Although the prevalence of these tumours decreases in regions where preventive ovari(ohyster)ectomy is performed, it remains an important disease entity in veterinary medicine. Moreover, treatment options are limited in comparison with human breast cancer. Nevertheless, recent human treatment protocols might have potential in bitches suffering from CMTs. This review article summarizes the most important characteristics of canine mammary tumours (CMTs) and recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. First, the anatomy and physiology of the normal mammary gland is described. Next, the prevalence of CMTs is discussed. Thereafter, the classification and the aetiology and pathogenesis are presented. Subsequently, the clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment options and prognosis of CMTs are discussed. Finally, a special disease entity of CMTs, inflammatory mammary carcinoma (IMC), is covered