Lifeline Disruption in Two Communities

When communities are struck by disasters, their ability to respond effectively is related to two general factors: emergency preparedness and response planning; and the resource capacity available to put those plans into effect. A large body of literature and research exists that illustrate how these two factors are interrelated, especially at the local level, in determining the community's ability to deal with disaster situations, whether unexpected or anticipated. Much of this research has focused on the functioning of emergency response organization (such as the local emergency management agency, fire and police departments, the Red Cross, and emergency medical services) following a disaster. Almost no attention, however, has been given to the emergency preparedness of lifeline organizations (such as power systems, communication systems, water and sewerage systems, transportation systems, and public works departments)