Patient are before and after implanting the pacemaker

Kardiovaskularne bolesti su značajni javnozdravstveni problem u svijetu, te jedan od vodećih uzroka pobola i smrtnosti. U kardiovaskularne bolesti ubrajaju se i poremećaji srčanog ritma tj. aritmije. Normalan srčani ritam je sinusni ritam, a aritmije nastaju zbog poremećaja u nastanku ili provođenju srčanih impulsa. Podjela aritmija može se vršiti prema različitim kriterijima, a s obzirom na frekvenciju srca aritmije dijelimo na bradiaritmije i tahiaritmije. Bolesnici s aritmijom mogu biti asimptomatski, ali najčešće imaju osjećaj nepravilnoga ili ubrzanog rada srca. Također se može javiti zaduha, slabost, bol u prsima, presinkopa i sinkopa, a neke aritmije mogu biti fatalne. Za dijagnozu aritmije, pored dobre anamneze i fizikalnog pregleda, uz ostale dijagnostičke pretrage, nezaobilazno mjesto ima elektrokardiogram koji predstavlja grafički prikaz električne aktivnosti srca. Aritmije liječimo s obzirom na uzrok njihovog nastanka, a koristimo različite metode od medikamentozne terapije pa sve do invazivnih postupaka kao npr. radiofrekventne ablacije. U slučajevima bradiaritmija i nekih srčanih blokova, osobito simptomatskih praćenih sinkopom, potrebno je implantirati privremeni ili trajni elektrostimulator srca. Elektrostimulatori su uređaji koji osiguravaju električnu stimulaciju srca u skladu s potrebama bolesnika u mirovanju i opterećenju. Medicinska sestra ima važnu ulogu u zdravstvenoj njezi bolesnika kojima je indicirana ugradnja elektrostimulatora. Uz stalnu prisutnost te uočavanje i rješavanje različitih sestrinskih problema koji se mogu javiti kod ovih pacijenta, medicinska sestra provodi i zdravstveni odgoj koji uključuje edukaciju o prehrani, uzimanju lijekova te načinu života nakon ugradnje elektrostimulatora.Cardiovascular diseases are a significant public health problem in the world and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Cardiovascular diseases also include heart rythm disorders, i.e.arrhythmias. A normal heart rythm is a sinus rythm. Arrhythmias occur due to disturbances in the generation or conduction of heart impulses. Arrhythmias can be classified according to differetnt criteria. Depending on the heart rate, arrhythmias are divided into bradyarrhythmias and tachyarrhythmias. Patients with arrhythmia can be asymptomatic, but most often they have a feeling of irregular or rapid heartbeat. Shortness of breath, weakness, chest pain, presyncope and syncope can also occur. Some arrhythmias can be fatal. To diagnose arrhythmia, in addition to a good medical history and physical examination, along with other diagnostic tests, it is indispensable to to an electrocardiogram, which is a graphic display of the heart's electrical activity. Arrhythmia is treated with regard to the cause of their occurance. Different methods of treatment are used, from drug therapy to invasive procedures, such as radiofrequency ablation. In cases of symptomatic bradyarrhythmia and some heart blocks, especially the ones that are followed by a syncope, it is nesessary to implant a temporary or a permanent electrostimulator (pacemaker) for the heart. Pacemakers are devices that provide electrical stimulation of the heart in accordance with the needs of the patient at rest and under load. The nurse plays an important role in the healthcare of the patient who has had electrostimulators implanted. In addition to being constantly present, observing and solving various nursing problems, that can occur with these patients, the nurse also conducts health education which includes nutrition education, how to take medications and the life style after pacemaker implantation